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概念！

1.什么是倒装？

古汉语中为了强调谓语，有时将谓语置于主语之前。例如：

①甚矣，汝之不惠（慧）！（《愚公移山》）

即：“汝之不惠（慧）甚矣”，译文：“你太不聪明了”

②安在公子能急人之困。（《信陵君窃符救赵》）

即：“公子能急人之困安在”，译文：“公子能急人之所急的地方在哪里呢？”

英语中倒装，则多是为了强调主谓之外的其他成分—状语、表语等。例如：

Hanging on thewall was a splendid painting.

墙上挂着一幅精美的图画。

即：A splendid painting was hanging on the wall.

可见，英汉两种语言中都有倒装。相同之处，都是要把谓语提前。英语不同之处在于—-

2.完全倒装：为了描写生动的一种修辞方法。

“Stopthief! Stop thief!” The cry is taking by a hundred voices, …

Away they fly, splashing through the mud, up go the window, out run the people.

( Dickens )

“抓贼呀！抓贼呀！”百人大喊……

他们飞奔着，身后溅起泥浆，人们推起窗子，有人冲出来。（狄更斯）

With great power comes great responsibility.

能力越强，责任越大。

Beyond those doors is American soil.

那些门的外面就是美国领土。（《幸福终点站》）

Such would be our home in the future.

我们将来的家就是这个样子。

On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some othercities.

地上放着一些空调,等着用船运到其他城市去。

总结：句首多为表示方位、时间频率的介词短语或副词；时态主要是一般时。

There 句型就是一种典型倒装。

结构！！

3.部分倒装，主要有三种情况，简单记忆就是“Only、So，否定词”——后面接一个“一般疑问句”。

(1) 否定词开头

Seldom

Neither /Nor……

Never

By no means

In no time

例句：

God shall wipeaway all the tears from their eyes, and there shall be no more death.Neithershallthere besorrow or dying, neither shall there be any more pain, for theformer world has passed away. (The Titanic)

So far as Iknow, seldom does Marycome back to see her mother.

(2) So和Such

So……that……;

Such……that……

Yes, so whenever you feel alone, just remember that those kings willalways be there to guide you, and soam I. (Lion King)

(3) Only +强调的状语、宾语等

Only yesterday did he find out that his watchwas missing. (不属于完全倒装)

Only because there weresome cancelled bookings didhe get some tickets in theend.

注：很多人把However hard he tried，he failed in the end.这样的结构也叫做“倒装”，这是错误的。至少是容易制造混淆的。这种情况我们只能叫它“前置”——即句中某成分提前出现，但是并不涉及动词结构的调整。

例如前面例句：

倒装：But little does she know that when she left that day——

前置：Along with her she took my heart （选自Rhythmof the Rain）

小心！！！

4. 句中前后有两个分句，容易出错的几个句型

“前倒后不倒”

So+句+句

Not only +句 but also+句

Hardly +句 when+句

Scarcely +句 before+句

No sooner +句 than+句

“后倒前不倒）

Only +句 +句

Not until+句+句

例句：

No sooner had I returned home fro New Zealand than I bought a house and went to live there.

Not until twelve o’clock did he go to bed last night .

Never have my sisters been to Hong Kong before.

Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door.

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